Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think.

The article explores the life of Kublai Khan—the grandson of Genghis Khan and the founder of the Yuan dynasty. It traces his rise to power, the civil war within the Mongol Empire, the transformation of a nomadic khanate into a Chinese empire, his administrative reforms, military campaigns, and the reasons behind the fall of the Yuan. The text helps explain why Kublai Khan became one of the key figures in the medieval history of China and Eurasia.

The article explores how Genghis Khan’s generals — Subutai, Jebe, and Jelme — transformed the Mongol forces into the most effective army of the Middle Ages. It explains the principles of selection based on talent, the role of strategy, speed, and personal loyalty, and shows why the military system of the Mongol Empire changed the course of history and continues to be studied by historians and strategists today.

The article explores Tengrism as the foundation of the religion and worldview of the ancient Mongols. It explains belief in the Eternal Sky, the role of shamans, spirits, and rituals, the connection between religion, power, and conquest, as well as the legacy of Tengrism in the culture of Central Asia. The text helps clarify how shamanism shaped nomadic thinking and influenced the history of the Mongol Empire.

The article explores the Mongol postal system known as the Yam—the world’s first ultra-fast communication network, which made it possible to govern a vast empire in the Middle Ages. It explains how the Yam functioned, examines its speed and efficiency, and highlights its role in military and administrative control, as well as its historical legacy, which influenced the development of state communications and trade across Eurasia.

The article “The Fall of the Mongol Empire” examines in detail the reasons behind the collapse of the greatest power of the Middle Ages. It analyzes the crisis of authority after Genghis Khan, the fragmentation into uluses, economic and administrative problems, popular uprisings, and external enemies. The text explains why an empire once considered invincible failed to preserve its unity and what historical legacy it ultimately left behind.

The article explores the phenomenon of the Pax Mongolica—the period of the 13th–14th centuries when the Mongol Empire united Eurasia into a single commercial and cultural space. You will learn how trade routes, infrastructure, religious tolerance, and the exchange of knowledge created an early form of medieval globalization and what historical legacy it left for later eras.

The Mongol war machine was one of the most effective in medieval history. This article explores in detail Mongol strategy and tactics, their weaponry, army organization, and strict discipline. You will learn why Mongol forces defeated more numerous enemies and how a nomadic army managed to build an empire stretching from China to Europe.

This article explores the life of Genghis Khan — from the difficult childhood of Temujin to the creation of the largest empire in Eurasia. You will learn about his key reforms, military genius, strategies of conquest, and lasting impact on world history. This material helps explain how Genghis Khan united divided tribes, built an efficient state, and left a legacy that remains visible even eight centuries later.

This article explores how the Mongol Empire transformed from a collection of scattered nomadic tribes into one of the most powerful states in world history. It traces Temujin’s early years, Genghis Khan’s military reforms, the empire’s rapid conquests, the rule of his successors, and the era of the Pax Mongolica, which bound Eurasia into a single network of trade and cultural exchange.

This article tells the story of the Ottoman Empire’s fate during the First World War — from its alliance with Germany to its final collapse. You’ll learn about key battles in the Caucasus and the Dardanelles, the internal crises, Arab uprisings, and the fall of Constantinople. It is a story where the end of a great empire marked the beginning of a new one — the Turkish Republic of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk.